What psychotic disorders are
Psychosis is a state in which perception and judgment of reality are altered. It can occur in several conditions:
- Schizophrenia: a long-term condition with psychotic symptoms and changes in motivation, emotion and functioning
- Schizoaffective disorder: psychotic symptoms combined with mood episodes
- Delusional disorder: fixed false beliefs with otherwise relatively preserved functioning
- Brief psychotic disorder: a sudden, short episode
- Induced psychosis: caused by drugs, alcohol, medications or medical illness
Signs and symptoms
- Delusions: beliefs of persecution, being watched or having special powers
- Hallucinations, especially hearing voices
- Disorganized speech and thinking
- Withdrawal, suspiciousness, loss of interest and initiative
- Abrupt changes in behavior, performance and self-care
How it is diagnosed
The assessment includes a detailed history, information from family and investigation of medical causes and substance use, with tests when indicated. Dr. Petrus’s experience in general hospitals and consultation-liaison psychiatry helps recognize psychoses secondary to medical illness and drugs, the subject of his interview with Rede Globo, Brazil’s largest TV network, on synthetic drugs.
Treatment
- Antipsychotic medication, chosen by condition, tolerability and preferences, with monitoring of side effects and lab tests
- Psychoeducation for the patient and family
- Psychosocial rehabilitation, psychotherapy and support to return to study and work
- In severe crises, assessment of the need for hospital admission in a suitable service
When to see a psychiatrist
Seek prompt assessment for sudden changes in behavior, extreme suspiciousness, hallucinations or incoherent speech. If there is risk to the person or others, go to an emergency room or call 192 (SAMU) in Brazil.
Follow-up at the practice
At the practice in Campinas, Dr. Petrus Raulino follows patients with psychotic disorders with regular visits and family involvement whenever the patient agrees.
Staging: text awaiting medical review by Dr. Petrus before publishing.
This content is for information only and does not replace a medical consultation. Diagnosis and treatment depend on an individual assessment. In crisis or having thoughts of suicide? In Brazil call 188 (CVV, 24 hours, free) or go to the nearest emergency room. In an emergency, call 192 (SAMU).