What adjustment disorder is
Adjustment disorder is an emotional or behavioral reaction to an identifiable stressor, such as a loss, separation, work problems, a move or an illness, that begins within three months and is more intense than expected or causes impairment.
Grief is the natural reaction to loss. In some people, it remains very intense for a long time, now recognized as prolonged grief. There is also symbolic grief: the end of a project, a career or a stage of life. Relocation to a new country, common among international families in Campinas, is a frequent trigger.
Signs and symptoms
- Sadness, tearfulness, hopelessness
- Anxiety, worry, irritability
- Insomnia and appetite changes
- Poor concentration and lower performance at work
- Withdrawal from activities and people
- In prolonged grief: intense, persistent longing and difficulty accepting the loss
How it is diagnosed
The psychiatrist assesses the stressor, the time since the event, the intensity of symptoms and their impact, and distinguishes the picture from depression or an anxiety disorder, which call for different approaches. Dr. Petrus’s research on careers and mental health, the subject of his master’s degree at the University of São Paulo, supports care around professional transitions.
Treatment
- Psychotherapy, central in most cases
- Guidance on the adjustment and grieving process
- Medication, in selected cases, for intense insomnia, anxiety or associated depression
- Attention to routine, sleep and support network
When to see a psychiatrist
When distress is intense, does not ease over the weeks, affects work and relationships, or comes with thoughts of death. In that case, seek immediate help (in Brazil, call 188, CVV).
Follow-up at the practice
At the practice in Campinas, Dr. Petrus Raulino considers the patient’s life situation and proposes follow-up in proportion to the need, in person or by video.
Staging: text awaiting medical review by Dr. Petrus before publishing.
This content is for information only and does not replace a medical consultation. Diagnosis and treatment depend on an individual assessment. In crisis or having thoughts of suicide? In Brazil call 188 (CVV, 24 hours, free) or go to the nearest emergency room. In an emergency, call 192 (SAMU).